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, , τό, is, when thus written,
A. demonstr. Pronoun.
B. in Att., definite or prepositive Article.
C. in Ep., the so-called postpositive Article, = relative Pronoun, ὅς, , .—The nom. masc. and fem. sg. and pl., , , οἱ, αἱ, have no accent in codd. and most printed books, exc. when used as the relative ; but , , οἱ, αἱ differ only in writing from , , οἳ, αἳ ; the nom. forms of the article are said by Hdn.Gr.1.474 to be oxytone, and by A.D.Pron.8.7 not to be enclitic. The forms τῶν, τοῖς, ταῖς were barytone (i. e. τὼν, τοὶς, ταὶς) in Aeol. acc. to Aristarch. ap. A.D.Synt.51.26. For οἱ, αἱ some dialects (not Cypr., cf. Inscr.Cypr.135.30H., nor Cret., cf.Leg.Gort. 5.28, nor Lesbian, cf. Alc.81, Sapph.Supp.5.1) and Hom. have τοί, ταί (though οἱ, αἱ are also found in Hom.) : other Homeric forms are gen. sg. τοῖο, gen. and dat. dual “τοῖινOd.18.34, al. : gen. pl. fem. τάων [α_], dat. τοῖσι, τῇς and τῇσι, never ταῖσι or ταῖς in Hom.— In Dor. and all other dialects exc. Att. and Ion. the fem. forms preserve the old α_ instead of changing it to η, hence Dor. etc. , τάν, τᾶς ; the gen. pl. τάων contracts in many dialects to τᾶν ; the gen. sg. is in many places τῶ, acc. pl. τώς, but Cret., etc., τόνς (Leg.Gort.7.7, al.) or τός (ib.3.50, al.) ; in Lesbian Aeol. the acc. pl. forms are τοὶς, ταὶς, IG12(2).645 A13, B62 ; dat. pl. τοῖς, ταῖς (or τοὶς, ταὶς, v. supr.), ib.645 A8, ib.1.6 ; ταῖσι as demonstr., Sapph. 16. The Att. Poets also used the Ion. and Ep. forms τοῖσι, ταῖσι ; and in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν . . , τοὶ δέ . . , for οἱ μέν . . , οἱ δέ . . , not only in lyr., as A.Pers.584, Th.295,298 ; “οἱ μέν . . τοὶ δ᾽S.Aj.1404 (anap.) ; but even in a trimeter, A.Pers.424. In Att. the dual has usu. only one gender, τὼ θεώ (for τὰ θεά) And.1.113 sq. ; τὼ πόλεε Foed. ap. Th.5.23 ; “τὼ ἡμέραX.Cyr.1.2.11 ; “τὼ χεῖρεId.Mem.2.3.18 ; “τοῖν χεροῖνPl.Tht.155e ; “τοῖν γενεσέοινId.Phd.71e ; “τοῖν πολέοινIsoc.4.75 (τά S.Ant.769, Ar.Eq.424,484, “ταῖνLys.19.17, Is.5.16, etc. have been corrected) ; in Arc. the form τοῖς functions as gen. dual fem., “μεσακόθεν τοῖς κράναιυνSchwyzer664.8 (Orchom., iv B.C.) :—in Elean and Boeot. , ), τό, with the addition of -ί, = ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε, nom.pl. masc. τυΐ the following men, Schwyzer485.14 (Thespiae, iii B.C.), al., cf. infr. VIII. 5. (With , , cf. Skt. demonstr. pron. sa, sā, Goth. sa, sō, ONorse sá, sú, Old Lat. acc. sum, sam (Enn.) : —with τό [from Τόδ] cf. Skt. tat (tad), Lat. is-tud, Goth. pata: —with τοί cf. Skt. te, Lith. tĩe, OE. pá, etc. :—with τάων cf. Skt. tāsām, Lat. is-tarum :— the origin of the relative ὅς, , (q. v.) is different.)
A. , , τό, DEMONSTR. PRONOUN, that, the oldest and in Hom. the commonest sense : freq. also in Hdt.1.86,5.35,al.), and sts. in Trag. (mostly in lyr., A.Supp.1047, etc.; in trimeters, Id.Th.197, Ag.7, Eu. 174 ; τῶν γάρ . . , τῆς γάρ . . , Id.Supp.358, S.OT1082 ; seldom in Att. Prose, exc. in special phrases, v. infr. VI, VII) :
I. joined with a Subst., to call attention to it, Τυδεΐδης he—Tydeus' famous son, Il. 11.660; τὸν Χρύσην that venerable man Chryses, I.II : and so with Appellat., Νέστωρ γέρων N.—thataged man, 7.324 ; αἰετοῦ . . τοῦ θηρητῆρος the eagle, that which is called hunter, 21.252, al. ; also to define and give emphasis, τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour, namely that of Priam, 20.181 ; οἴχετ᾽ ἀνὴρ ὤριστος a man is gone, and he the best, 11.288, cf. 13.433, al.: sts. with words between the Pron. and Noun, “αὐτὰρ αὖτε Πέλοψ2.105 ; “τὸν Ἕκτορι μῦθον ἐνίσπες11.186, cf. 703, al. :—different from this are cases like Il.1.409 αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι, τοὺς δὲ κατὰ πρύμνας τε καὶ ἀμφ᾽ ἅλα ἔλσαι Ἀχαιούς if he would help the Trojans, but drive those back to the ships—I mean the Achaeans, where Ἀχ. is only added to explain τούς, cf. 1.472, 4.20,329, al.
II. freq. without a Subst., he, she, it, γὰρ ἦλθεIl.1.12, al.
III. placed after its Noun, before the Relat. Prons., ἐφάμην σὲ περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων, τῶν ὅσσοι Λυκίην ναιετάουσι far above the rest, above those to wit who, etc., Il.17.172 ; οἷ᾽ οὔ πώ τιν᾽ ἀκούομεν οὐδὲ παλαιῶν, τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν . . Ἀχαιαί such as we have not heard tell of yet even among the women of old, those women to wit who . . , Od.2.119, cf. Il.5.332 ; “θάλαμον τὸν ἀφίκετο, τόν ποτε τέκτων ξέσσενOd.21.43, cf. 1.116, 10.74 :—for the Att. usage v. infr.
IV. before a Possessive Pron. its demonstr. force is sts. very manifest, φθίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος that spirit of thine, Il.6.407, cf. 11.608 ; but in 15.58, 16.40, and elsewh. it is merely the Art.
V. for cases in which the Homeric usage approaches most nearly to the Attic, v. infr. B. init.
VI. μέν . . , δέ . . without a Subst., in all cases, genders, and numbers, Hom., etc. : sts. in Opposition, where μέν prop. refers to the former, δέ to the latter ; more rarely μέν the latter, δέthe former, Pl.Prt.359e, Isoc.2.32,34 : sts. in Partition, the one . . , the other . . , etc.—The Noun with it is regularly in gen. pl., being divided by the μέν . . , δέ . . , into parts, “ἠΐθεοι καὶ παρθένοι . . , τῶν δ᾽ αἱ μὲν λεπτὰς ὀθόνας ἔχον, οἱ δὲ χιτῶνας εἵατοIl.18.595 ; “τῶν πόλεων αἱ μὲν τυραννοῦνται, αἱ δὲ δημοκρατοῦνται, αἱ δὲ ἀριστοκρατοῦνταιPl.R.338d, etc. : but freq. the Noun is in the same case, by a kind of apposition, “ἴδον υἷε Δάρητος, τὸν μὲν ἀλευάμενον τὸν δὲ κτάμενονIl.5.28, cf. Od.12.73, etc.: so in Trag. and Att., S.Ant. 22, etc. ; “πηγὴ μὲν εἰς αὐτὸν ἔδυ, δὲ ἔξω ἀπορρεῖPl.Phdr.255c ; if the Noun be collective, it is in the gen. sg., “ μὲν πεπραμένος ἦν τοῦ σίτου, δὲ ἔνδον ἀποκείμενοςD.42.6 : sts. a Noun is added in apposition with μέν or “ δέ, μὲν οὔτασ᾽ Ἀτύμνιον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ Ἀντίλοχος . . , Μάρις δὲ . . Il.16.317-19, cf. 116 ; “τοὺς μὲν τὰ δίκαια ποιεῖν ἠνάγκασα, τοὺς πλουσίους, τοὺς δὲ πένητας κτλ.D.18.102, cf. Pl.Grg.501a, etc.
4. on τὸ μέν . . , τὸ δέ . . , or τὰ μέν . . , τὰ δέ . . , v. infr. VIII.4.
7. δέ is freq. used simply in continuing a narrative, Il.1.43, etc.; also used by Hom. in apodosi after a relat., v. ὅδε 111.3.
8. the opposition may be expressed otherwise than by μέν and “δέ, οὔθ᾽ . . οὔθ᾽ Il.15.417 ; “ τοῖσιν τοῖςA.Supp.439 ; “οὔτε τοῖς οὔτε τοῖςPl.Lg.701e.
VII. the following usages prevailed in Att. Prose,
1. in dialogue, after καί, it was usual to say in nom. sg. masc. καὶ ὅς ; in the other cases the usual forms of the Art. were used (v. “ὅςA. II.I and cf. Skt. sas, alternat. form of sa) ; so, in acc., “καὶ τὸν εἰπεῖνPl.Smp.174a, cf. X.Cyr.1.3.9, etc.; also in Hdt., “καὶ τὴν φράσαι6.61, al.
VIII. abs. usages of single cases,
1. fem. dat. τῇ, of Place, there, on that spot, here, this way, that way, Il.5.752,858, al.: folld. by , 13.52, etc.: also in Prose, “τὸ μὲν τῇ, τὸ δὲ τῇX.Ath.2.12.
b. with a notion of motion towards, that way, in that direction, Il.10.531,11.149, 12.124 ; “τῇ ἴμεν . . 15.46 ; “δελφῖνες τῇ καὶ τῇ ἐθύνεον ἰχθυάοντεςHes.Sc.210 :—only poet.
c. of Manner, “τῇ περ τελευτήσεσθαι ἔμελλενin this way, thus, Od.8.510.
d. repeated, τῇ μέν . . , τῇ δέ . . , in one way . . , in another . . , or partly . . , partly . . , E.Or.356, Pl.Smp.211a, etc.: without “μέν, τῇ μᾶλλον, τῇ δ᾽ ἧσσονParm.8.48.
e. relat., where, by which way, only Ep., as Il.12.118, Od.4.229.
2. neut. dat. τῷ, therefore, on this account, freq. in Hom., Il.1.418, 2.254, al. (v. infr.) : also in Trag., A.Pr.239, S.OT510 (lyr.) ; in Prose, “τῷ τοι . . Pl.Tht. 179d, Sph.230b.
b. thus, so, Il.2.373, 13.57, etc.: it may also, esp. when εἰ precedes, be translated, then, if this be so, on this condition, Od.1.239,3.224,258,al., Theoc.29.11.—In Hom. the true form is prob. τῶ, as in cod. A, or τώ, cf. A.D.Adv.199.2.
3. neut. acc. τό, wherefore, Il.3.176, Od.8.332, al., S.Ph.142(lyr.) ; also τὸ δέ abs., but the fact is . . , Pl.Ap.23a, Men.97c, Phd.109d, Tht. 157b, R.340d, Lg.967a ; even when the τό refers to what precedes, the contrast may lie not in the thing referred to, but in another part of the sentence (cf. supr. VI. 6), “τὸ δ᾽ ἐπὶ κακουργίᾳ . . ἐπετήδευσανTh.1.37 ; “τὸ δὲ . . ἡμῖν μᾶλλον περιέσταιId.2.89 ; φασὶ δέ τινες αὐτὸν καὶ τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφῶν γεγονέναι: τὸ δὲ οὐκ ἦν but he was not, Nic.Dam.58J.
4. τὸ μέν . . , τὸ δέ . . , partly . . , partly . . , or on the one hand . . , on the other . . , Th.7.36, etc., cf.Od.2.46 ; more freq. τὰ μέν . . , τὰ δέ . . , Hdt.1.173, S.Tr.534, etc.; also “τὰ μέν τι . . , τὰ δέ τι . . X.An.4.1.14 ; “τὸ μέν τι . . , τὸ δέ τι . . Luc.Macr.14 ; “τὰ μέν . . , τὸ δὲ πλέον . . Th.1.90 : sts. without τὸ μέν . . in the first clause, “τὸ δέ τιId.1.107,7.48 : rarely of Time, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ . . , τέλος δέ several times . . and finally, Hdt.3.85.
5. of Time, sts. that time, sts. this (present) time, συνμαχία κ᾽ ἔα ἑκατὸν ϝέτεα, ἄρχοι δέ κα τοΐ (where it is possible, but not necessary, to supply ϝέτος) SIG9.3 (Olympia, vi B.C.): so with Preps., ἐκ τοῦ, Ep. τοῖο, from that time, Il.1.493,15.601.
c. in Thess. Prose, ὑππρὸ τᾶς yesterday, τὰ ψαφίσματα τό τε ὑππρὸ τᾶς γενόμενον καὶ τὸ τᾶμον the decree which was passed yesterday (lit. before this [day]), and to-day's, IG9(2).517.43 (Larissa, iii B.C.).
6. ἐν τοῖς is freq. used in Prose with Superlatives, ἐν τοῖσι θειότατον a most marvellous thing, Hdt.7.137 ; ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι the very first, Th.1.6, etc.; ἐν τοῖσι πρῶτος (πρώτοις codd.) Pherecr.145.4 ; [Ζεὺς] Ἔρωτά τε καὶ Ἀνάγκην ἐν τοῖς πρῶτα ἐγέννησεν first of all, Aristid. Or.43(1).16, cf. 37(2).2: when used with fem. Nouns, ἐν τοῖς remained without change of gender, ἐν τοῖς πλεῖσται δὴ νῆες the greatest number of ships, Th.3.17; ἐν τοῖς πρώτη ἐγένετο (sc. στάσις) ib.82 : also with Advbs., “ἐν τοῖς μάλισταId.8.90, Pl.Cri.52a, Plu.2.74e, 421d, 723e, Brut.6, 11,al., Paus.1.16.3, etc.; “ἐν τοῖς χαλεπώταταTh.7.71 ; “τὴν Αἴγυπτον ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα μελάγγειον οὖσανPlu.2.364c : in late Prose, also with Positives, “ἐν τοῖς παράδοξονAristid.Or.48(24).47 codd.; with “πάνυ, ἐν τοῖς πάνυD.H.1.19, cf. 66 (ἐν ταῖς πάνυ f.l. 4.14,15).
B. , , τό, THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, the, to specify individuals : rare in this signf. in the earliest Gr., becoming commoner later. In Hom. the demonstr. force can generally be traced, v. supr. A. I, but the definite Art. must be recognized in places like Il.1.167,7.412, 9.309, 12.289, Od.19.372 : also when joined to an Adj. to make it a Subst., “αἰὲν ἀποκτείνων τὸν ὀπίστατονthe hindmost man, Il.11.178 ; “τὸν ἄριστον17.80 ; “τὸν δύστηνον22.59 ; “τὸν προὔχοντα23.325 ; τῷ πρώτῳ . . , τῷ δευτέρῳ . . , etc., ib.265sq. ; also in “τῶν ἄλλων2.674, al.: with Advs., “τὸ πρίν24.543, al.; “τὸ πάρος περ17.720 ; “τὸ πρόσθεν23.583 ; also τὸ τρίτον ib.733 ; “τὰ πρῶτα1.6,al.; τὸ μὲν ἄλλο for the rest, 23.454 ; “ἀνδρῶν τῶν τότε9.559.—The true Art., however, is first fully established in fifth-cent. Att., whilst the demonstr. usage disappears, exc. in a few cases, V. A. VI-VIII.—Chief usages, esp. in Att.
I. not only with common Appellats., Adjs., and Parts., to specify them as present to sense or mind, but also freq. where we use the Possessive Pron., “τὸ κέαρ ηὐφράνθηνAr.Ach.5 ; τὴν κεφαλὴν κατεάγην my head was broken, And.1.61, etc. ; τοὺς φίλους ποιούμεθα we make our friends, S.Ant.190 ; τὰς πόλεις ἔκτιζον they began founding their cities, Th.1.12; “οὐχ ὑπὲρ τὴν οὐσίαν ποιούμενοι τοὺς παῖδαςPl.R.372b.
b. omitted with pr.nn.and freq. with Appellats. which require no specification, as θεός, βασιλεύς, v. θεός 1.1, βασιλεύς III ; ἐμ πόλει in the Acropolis, IG12.4.1, al.: but added to pr. nn., when attention is to be called to the previous mention of the person, as Th.3.70) speaks first of Πειθίας and then refers to him repeatedly as Π.; cf. Θράσυλος in Id.8.104, with Θ. ib.105 ; or when the person spoken of is to be specially distinguished, Ζεύς, ὅστις Ζεύς whoever this Zeus is, E.Fr.480 ; and therefore properly omitted when a special designation follows, as Σωκράτης φιλόσοφος: seldom in Trag. with pr. nn., save to give pecul. emphasis, like Lat. ille, Λάϊος, Φοῖβος, S.OT729, El.35, etc. : later, however, the usage became very common (the Homeric usage of with a pr. n. is different, v. A.I).
c. Aristotle says Σωκράτης meaning the historical Socrates, as in SE183b7, PA642a28, al., but Σωκράτης when he means the Platonic Socrates, as Pol.1261a6, al.: so with other pr.nn., EN1145a21, 1146a21, al.
2. in a generic sense, where the individual is treated as a type, “οἷς γέρων μετέῃσιν . . λεύσσειIl.3.109; “πονηρὸν συκοφάντηςD.18.242, etc.
b. freq. with abstract Nouns, “ τε ἐλπὶς καὶ ἔρωςTh.3.45, etc.
4. with infs., which thereby become Substs., τὸ εἴργειν prevention, Pl.Grg.505b ; τὸ φρονεῖν good sense, S.Ant.1348(anap.), etc.: when the subject is expressed it is put between the Art.and the inf., τὸ θεοὺς εἶναι the existence of gods, Pl.Phd. 62b ; τὸ μηδένα εἶναι ὄλβιον the fact or statement that no one is happy, Hdt.1.86.
5. in neut. before any word or expression which itself is made the object of thought, τὸ ἄνθρωπος the word or notion man ; τὸ λέγω the word λέγω ; τὸ μηδὲν ἄγαν the sentiment 'ne quid nimis', E.Hipp.265(lyr.); τὸ τῇ αὐτῇ the phrase τῇ αὐτῇ, Pl.Men.72e : and so before whole clauses, δόξα . . περὶ τοῦ οὕστινας δεῖ ἄρχειν the opinion about the question 'who ought to rule', Id.R.431e ; τὸ ἐὰν μένητε παρ᾽ ἐμοί, ἀποδώσω the phrase 'I will give back, if . . ', X.Cyr. 5.1.21, cf. Pl.R.327c, etc.; “τοὺς τοῦ τί πρακτέον λογισμούςD.23.148 ; τὸ ὀλίγοι the term few, Arist.Pol.1283b11.
7. before Prons.,
a. before the pers. Prons., giving them greater emphasis, but only in acc., “τὸν ἐμέPl.Tht.166a,Phlb.20b ; τὸν . . σὲ καὶ ἐμέ ib.59b ; “τὸν αὑτόνId.Phdr.258a ; on αὐτός, v. αὐτός 111.
b. before the interrog. Pron. (both τίς and ποῖος), referring to something before, which needs to be more distinctly specified, A.Pr.251, Ar. Pax696 ; also τὰ τί; because οἷα went before, ib.693. Of τίς only the neut. is thus used (v.supr.): ποῖος is thus used not only in neut. pl., τὰ ποῖα; E.Ph.707 ; but also in the other genders, ποῖος; ib. 1704 ; τῆς ποίας μερίδος; D.18.64 ; τοῖς ποίοις . . ; Arist.Ph.227b1.
c. with τοιοῦτος, τοιόσδε, τηλικοῦτος, etc., the Art. either makes the Pron. into a Subst., “ τοιοῦτοςthat sort of person, X.Mem.4.2.21, etc.; or subjoins it to a Subst. which already has an Art., “τὴν ἀπολογίαν τὴν τοιαύτηνD.41.13.
8. before ἅπας, Pi.N.1.69, Hdt.3.64, 7.153 (s.v.l.), S.OC1224 (lyr.), D.18.231, etc.; also τὸν ἕνα, τὸν ἕνα τοῦτον, Arist.Pol.1287b8, 1288a19 : on its usage with ἕκαστος, v. sub voc.; and on οἱ ἄλλοι, οἱ πολλοί, etc., v. ἄλλος 11.6, “πολύς11.3, etc.
9. the Art. with the Comp. is rare, if follows, S.Ant.313, OC796.
II. elliptic expressions :
1. before the gen. of a pr.<*>., to express descent, son or daughter, Θουκυδίδης Ὀλόρου (sc. υἱός) Th.4.104 ; Ἑλένη τοῦ Διός (sc. θυγάτηρ) E.Hel.470 : also to denote other relationships, e.g. brother, Lys.32.24, Alciphr.2.2.10 ; Σμικυθίωνος Μελιστίχη M.the wife of S., Ar.Ec.46 ; Κλέαρχος καὶ οἱ ἐκείνου Cl. and his men, X.An.1.2.15 ; τοῦ Ἀντιγένεος the slave of A., Hp.Hum.20.
2. generally, before a gen. it indicates a wider relation, as τὸ τῶν νεῶν, τὸ τῶν Ἑρμῶν, the matter of the ships, the affair of the Hermae, Th.4.23,6.60 ; τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου πράσσειν to promote the interests of Arrhibaeus, Id.4.83, cf. 6.89, etc.; τὸ τῆς τύχης,= τύχη, Id.4.18 ; τὰ τῆς τύχης accidents, chance events, ib.55 ; τὰ γὰρ φθιτῶν τοῖς ὁρῶσι κόσμος performance of the rites due to the dead befits the living, E.Supp.78(lyr.); τὰ τῶν θεῶν that which is destined by the gods, S.Tr.498(lyr.) : hence with neut. of Possessive Pron., τὸ ἐμόν, τὸ σόν, what regards me or thee, my or thy business or interests, S.Aj.124, El.251, etc.: and with gen. of 3 pers., “τὸ τῆσδεE.Hipp.48. But τό τινος is freq. also, a man's word or saying, as “τὸ τοῦ ΣόλωνοςHdt.1.86 ; τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου as Homer says, Pl.Tht.183e ; also τά τινος so-and-so's house, Ar.V.1432, D.54.7, Theoc.2.76, Herod.5.52, Ev.Luc.2.49.
3. very freq. with cases governed by Preps . . αἱ ἐκ τῆς Ζακύνθου νῆες the ships from Zacynthus, Th.4.13 ; οἱ ἀμφί τινα, οἱ περί τινα, such an one and his followers, v. ἀμφί c.1.3, περί c.1.2 ; also τὰ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης the Thrace-ward district, Th.1.59, al.; τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ καταστρώματος matters on deck, Id.7.70 ; τὰ ἀπ᾽ Ἀλκιβιάδου the proposals of Alcibiades, Id.8.48 ; τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς τύχης the incidents of fortune, Id.2.87, etc.
4. on μὰ τόν, μὰ τήν, etc., v. μά IV.
5. in elliptical phrases, ἐπορευόμην τὴν ἔξω τείχους (sc. ὁδόν) Pl.Ly.203a ; ἐπὶ θανάτῳ (sc. στολή, δέσις), v. θάνατος; κατὰ τὴν ἐμήν (sc. γνώμην), v. ἐμός 11.4 ; αὔριον (sc. ἡμέρα), v. αὔριον; Λυδιστί (sc. ἁρμονία) Arist.Pol.1342b32, etc.: freq. with Advs., which thus take an adj. sense, as , , τὸ νῦν; “ οἴκαδε πλοῦςTh.1.52 ; οἱ τότε, οἱ ἔπειτα (sc. ἄνθρωποι), ib.9,10, etc. ; but τό stands abs. with Advs. of time and place, when one cannot (as in the preceding instances) supply a Subst., as “κἀκεῖσε καὶ τὸ δεῦροE.Ph.266, cf.[315] (lyr.); “ μὲν τὸ κεῖθεν, δὲ τὸ κεῖθενId.Or.1412(lyr.): rarely abs. in gen., ἰέναι τοῦ πρόσω to go forward, X.An.1.3.1 ; “τοῦ προσωτάτω δραμεῖνS.Aj.731.
C. as RELATIVE PRONOUN in many dialects ; both in nom. sg. masc. , as “κλῦθί μοι, χθιζὸς θεὸς ἤλυθεςOd.2.262, cf. 1.300, al. ; “Ἔρως, κατ᾽ ὀμμάτων στάζεις πόθονE.Hipp.526(lyr.); “Ἄδωνις, κἠν Ἀχέροντι φιλεῖταιTheoc.15.86 ; ἐξορύξη he who banishes him, Schwyzer679.12,25 (Cyprus) ; and in the forms beginning with τ, esp. in Hom. (Od.4.160, al.), Hdt.1.7, al.: also in Ion. Poets, “ἐν τῷ κάθημαιArchil.87.3, cf. Semon.7.3, Anacr.86 (prob.), Herod.2.64, al.: freq. in Trag., “τῆςS.OC1258, Tr.381,728, E.Alc.883 (anap.); “τῷS.Ph.14 ; “τήνId.OC747, Tr.47, El.1144 ; τό Id.OT1427 ; τῶν ib. 1379, Ant.1086.—Never in Com. or Att. Prose :—Ep. gen. sg. “τεῦIl.18.192(s.v.l.).
D. CRASIS OF ARTICLE :
b. other dialects : in their treatment of crasis these follow the local laws of contraction, hence, e.g., Dor. ὡξ from “ ἐξTheoc.1.65, ὥλαφος from ἔλαφος ib.135 ; Ion. ᾡσυμνήτης from αἰς-SIG57.45 (Milet., v B.C.) ; ὡυτή from “ αὐτήHeraclit.60, etc.
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