A.due measure, proportion, fitness (not in Hom.), καιρὸς δ᾽ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν ἄριστος (which became a prov.) Hes.Op.694, Thgn. 401; “κ. παντὸς ἔχει κορυφάν” Pi.P.9.78; “κ. Χάριτος” A.Ag.787 (anap.) (cf. “ὑποκάμπτω” 11); εἰ ὁ κ. ἦν σαφής the distinction, the point, E.Hipp. 386; ἡ ἀπορία ἔχει τινὰ κ. has some point or importance, Arist. Metaph.1043b25; καιροῦ πέρα beyond measure, unduly, A.Pr.507; “μείζων τοῦ κ. γαστήρ” X.Smp.2.19; “καιροῦ μεῖζον” E.Fr.626 codd.; προσωτέρω or πορρωτέρω τοῦ κ., X.An.4.3.34, HG7.5.13; ὀξύτερα τοῦ κ. Pl.Plt.307b; νωθεστέρα τοῦ κ. ib.310e; ὑπερβάλλων τῇ φιλοτιμίᾳ τὸν κ. Plu.Ages.8, cf. Hp.Loc.Hom.44.
III. more freq. of Time, exact or critical time, season, opportunity, Χρόνου κ. S.El. 1292: usu. alone, κ. [ἐστιν] ἐν ᾧ Χρόνος οὐ πολὺς κτλ. Hp. Praec.<*>, cf. Chrysipp. et Archig. ap. Daremberg Notices etextr. des MSS. médicaux 1p.200; “κ. ὀξύς” Hp.Aph.1.1; κ. πρὸς ἀνθρώπων βραχὺ μέτρον ἔχει 'time and tide wait for no man', Pi.P.4.286; κ. ὄλβου, = καίριος ὄλβος, Id.N.7.58; δηλοῦν, ὅ τι περ δύναται κ. Ar.Ec.576 codd. (sed leg. δύνασαι); τίνα κ. τοῦ παρόντος βελτίω ζητεῖτε; D.3.16; κ. δόσιος for giving, Hp.Acut.20; κ. τοῦ ποτισμοῦ, τῆς τρύγης, BGU1003.12 (iii B. C.), PStrassb.1.8 (V A. D.); “τὰ ἐκ τοῦ κ. προγινόμενα” Plb.6.32.3; καιρὸν παριέναι to let the time go by, Th.4.27 (so in pl., “τοὺς κ. παριέναι” Pl.R.374c; “τοὺς κ. ὑφαιρεῖσθαι” Aeschin.3.66); “κ. τῶν πραγμάτων τοῖς ἐναντίοις καθυφιέναι καὶ προδοῦναι” D.19.6; καιροῦ (τοῦ κ.)“ τυχεῖν” E.Hec. 593, Pl.Lg.687a, Men.Mon.281; “καιρὸν εἰληφέναι” Lys.13.6 (but “καιρὸς ἐλάμβανε” Th.2.34; cf. “καιροῦ διδόντος” Lib.Or.45.7); “καιροῦ λαβέσθαι” Luc.Tim.13; “καιρὸν ἁρπάσαι” Plu.Phil.15; “κ. τηρεῖν” Arist.Rh. 1382b11; “καιρῷ Χρήσασθαι” Plu.Pyrrh.7; καιρῷ Χειμῶνος ξυλλαβέσθαι co-operate with the occurrence of a storm, Pl.Lg.709c; ἔχει κ. τι it happens in season, Th.1.42, etc.; κ. ἔχειν τοῦ εὖ οἰκεῖν to be the chief cause of . ., Pl.R.421a; “ὑμέας καιρός ἐστι προβοηθῆσαι” Hdt.8.144, cf. A.Pr.523, etc.; “νῦν κ. ἔρδειν” S.El.1368: sts. c. Art., “ἀλλ᾽ ἔσθ᾽ ὁ κ . . . ξένους . . τυγχάνειν τὰ πρόσφορα” A.Ch.710; “ὁ κ. ἐστι μὴ μέλλειν ἔτι” Ar. Th.661, cf.Pl.255.
b. adverbial phrases, ἐς καιρόν in season, Hdt. 7.144, E.Tr.744, etc.; “ἐς κ. ἐπείγεσθαι” Hdt.4.139; ἐς αὐτὸν κ. S.Aj. 1168; εἰς δέοντα κ. Men.Sam.294; “ἐν καιρῷ” A.Pr.381, Th.4.59, etc.; “ἐν κ. τινί” Pl.Cri.44a; “ἐπὶ καιροῦ” D.19.258, 20.90, etc.; “κατὰ καιρόν” Pi.I.2.22; “ὥς οἱ κατὰ κ. ἦν” Hdt.1.30 (but also οἱ κατὰ κ. ἡγεμόνες in office at the time, BGU15.10 (ii A. D.), etc.); παρὰ τῷ ἐντυχόντι αἰεὶ καὶ λόγου καὶ ἔργου κ. Th.2.43; “πρὸς καιρόν” S.Aj.38, Tr.59, etc.; “σὺν καιρῷ” Plb.2.38.7: without Preps., “καιρῷ” S.OT1516; καιρόν, abs., S.Aj.34, E.Fr.495.9 (in Comp. form καιρότερον, Achae.49); κ. γὰρ οὐδὲν ἦλθες E Hel.479; opp. ἀπὸ καιροῦ out of season, Pl.Tht.187e; “ἄνευ καιροῦ” Id.Ep.339d; “παρὰ καιρόν” Pi.O.8.24, E.IA8c0 (lyr.), Pl. Plt.277a; πρὸ καιροῦ prematurely, A.Ag.365 (anap.); ἐπὶ καιροῦ also means on the spur of the moment, “ἐπὶ κ. λέγειν” Plu.Dem.8, cf. Art.5; “ἐξενεγκεῖν πόλεμον” Id.Ant.6.
2. season, πᾶσιν καιροῖς at all seasons of the year, IG14.1018, cf. LXX Ge.1.14, Ph.1.13, Porph. ap. Eus.PE3.11; κ. ἔτους, later Gr. for Att. ὥρα ἔτους, acc. to Moer.424; time of day, Philostr.VA6.14.
b. critical times, periodic states, “καιροὶ σωμάτων” Arist.Pol.1335a41.
3. generally, time, period, “κατὰ τὸν κ. τοῦτον” Plb.27.1.7; “κατ᾽ ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ” Conon 3, al.: more freq. in pl., κατὰ τούτους τοὺς κ. Arist.Ath.23.2, al., cf. Plb.2.39.1; τὰ κατὰ καιρούς chronological sequence of events, Id.5.33.5; ἐν τοῖς πάλαι, ἐντοῖς μεταξὺ κ., Phld.Rh.1.28,363 S.
4. in pl., οἱ καιροί the times, i. e. the state of affairs, freq. in bad sense, ἐν τοῖς μεγίστοις κ. at the most critical times, X.HG6.5.33, cf. D.20.44; “περιστάντων τῇ πόλει κ. δυσκόλων” IG22.682.33, etc.: also in sg., X.An.3.1.44, D.17.9; ὁ ἔσχατος κ. extreme danger, Plb.29.27.12, etc.; “καιρῷ δουλεύειν” AP9.441 (Pall.).
IV. advantage, profit, τινος of or from a thing, Pi.O.2.54, P.1.57; εἴ τοι ἐς κ. ἔσται ταῦτα τελεόμενα to his advantage, Hdt.1.206; ἐπὶ σῷ κ. S.Ph.151 (lyr.); τίνα κ. με διδάσκεις; A.Supp.1060 (lyr.); τί σοι καιρὸς . . καταλείβειν; what avails it . .? E.Andr.131 (lyr.); τίνος εἵνεκα καιροῦ; D.23.182; οὗ κ. εἴη where it was convenient or advantageous, Th.4.54; ᾗ κ. ἦν ib.90; Χωρίον μετὰ μεγίστων κ. οἰκειοῦταί τε καὶ πολεμοῦται with the greatest odds, the most critical results, Id.1.36.
V. Pythag. name for seven, Theol.Ar. 44.